Èrò nípa Akọni Gbére Ajẹmóṣèlú nínú Orin Ìdárò Yorùbá
Reflexões sobre o herói político Gbére nas Lamentações Yorubá
Keywords:
Akọni, Akọni Gbére, Orin Ìdárò, Ìṣèlú, Òṣèlú, YorùbáAbstract
Ìlépa iṣẹ́ yìí ni láti ṣe àwárí àwọn àṣàyàn akọni inú ètò ìṣèlú tí ọ̀rọ̀ nípa wọn jáde nínú orin Yorùbá lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí wọ́n kú tán, kí a ṣe àfàyọ ohun tí ó sọ wọ́n di akọni, kí á ṣe àfihàn èrò ọ̀kọrin nípa wọn. Iṣẹ́ yìí ṣe àṣàyàn àwọn ọ̀kọrin ìgbàlódé ní àwùjọ Yorùbá, ó sì ṣe àfàyọ àwọn ipa akọni tí ó ti kú gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ṣe hàn nínú orin ìdárò tí wọ́n kọ fún wọn. Ìdí tí ó fi jẹ́ pé àwon ọkọ̀rin ìgbàlóde ni a ṣà yàn ní pé àwọn akọni ìgbàlódé nínú ètò ìṣèlú náà ni ó jẹ iṣẹ́ yìí lógún. Ìtúpalẹ̀ iṣẹ́ yìí wáyé ní ìlànà tíọ́rì Ìmọ̀-Ìtàn. Ọ̀nà mẹ́ta ni a lè pín àwọn akọni gbére ìdí ìṣèlú tí wọ́n ti kú wọ̀nyí sí nípa wíwo irúfẹ́ ètò ìṣèjọba tí wọ́n ṣe – akọni ètò ìṣèlú ìbílẹ̀, nínú ètò ìṣèlú àwaarawa àti akọni ètò ìṣèlú ìjọba ológun. Lára àwọn kókó-èrò tí ó jẹ mọ́ akọni gbére tí iṣẹ́ yìí ṣe àfàyọ ni ìdárò ikú akọni, ìtọ́kasí irúfẹ́ ikú tí ó pa wọ́n, ìtọkásí ẹni tí ó kú gẹ́gẹ́ bí ènìyàn ńlá, ipò tí òkú dì mú nígbà tí ó wà láyé àti bẹbẹ tí ó gbé ṣe lórí ipò náà. Iṣẹ́ yìí fi ìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé bí ènìyàn bá ṣe rere gẹ́gẹ́ bí akínkanjú tàbí fi ìfẹ́, àìmọtara-ẹni-nìkan àti ìgboyà jà fita-fita láti yọ́ ìlú àti àwọn ìran rẹ̀ kúrò nínú ìsìnrú àti làásìgbò nígbà tí ó wà láyé, bí irú onítọ̀hún bá kú tán, ayé ó sì máa polongo rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọni, ìpolongo wọn yìí yóò máa jẹ yọ nínú orin tí àwọn ọ̀kọrin bá ń kọ àti ìhà tí àwùjọ bá kọ sí wọn. Èyí ni yóó sì jẹ́ kí a lè tọ́ka sí irúfẹ́ àwọn akọni bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọni gbére.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar determinados heróis políticos mencionados em canções iorubás após suas mortes, identificar o que os tornou heróis e revelar as reflexões dos poetas a respeito deles. O estudo selecionou poetas contemporâneos da sociedade iorubá e identificou os papéis desempenhados pelos heróis falecidos, conforme retratados nas elegias a eles dedicadas. A escolha de poetas contemporâneos justifica-se pelo interesse deste trabalho nos heróis do sistema político atual. A análise baseia-se nos princípios da Teoria Histórica. Esses heróis políticos falecidos podem ser classificados em três categorias, de acordo com o tipo de governo que serviram: heróis do sistema político tradicional, heróis do sistema político militar e heróis do governo militar. Entre os temas relacionados aos heróis do passado explorados neste trabalho, destacam-se o lamento pela morte do herói, a referência às circunstâncias de seu falecimento, a exaltação da grandeza da pessoa falecida, o cargo que ocupava em vida e suas ações nesse posto. O trabalho estabelece que, quando um indivíduo pratica o bem como herói ou luta — com amor, altruísmo e coragem — para libertar seu país e seus descendentes da escravidão e da pobreza durante sua vida, o mundo o reconhece como herói após sua morte; esse reconhecimento reflete-se tanto nas canções entoadas pelos cantores quanto na atitude do público em relação a eles. Isso nos permite classificar tais figuras como heróis exemplares.
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