one Mozambique: a vision of the sociocultural, political and economic context in the 21st century

Sociocultural, political and economic context of Mozambique

Abstract

This article aims to reflect on the sociocultural, political and economic context of Mozambique in the 21st century. We opted for a qualitative and quantitative approach methodology inspired by the character of a bibliographic and documentary study from which it was understood that the armed conflict between the Government of Mozambique and the largest opposition party (RENAMO) came to an end on the 6th of August 2019 through the signing of a Peace and National Reconciliation agreement by the President of the Republic of Mozambique, Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, and the leader of RENAMO, Ossufo Momade. This reconciliation took place after two previous agreements on the same matter that did not produce satisfactory effects. The country has great potential embodied in the possession of a vast territorial extension, in the control of the Mozambique channel, in the existence of ports, hydroelectric basins, soil riches, cultural and linguistic diversity, etc., however, it faces vulnerabilities motivated by a higher index illiteracy, natural disasters, terrorism in the north and high demographic growth. Vulnerabilities translate into external dependence, limited resources, poverty, endemic and infectious-contagious diseases, corruption, etc. This situation forces the country to be classified as one of the poorest countries in the world. Terrorism has already claimed the lives of around 1,460,055 displaced people and more than 2,000 human deaths, with demonstrations resulting in beheading, exploitation and sexual slavery, kidnappings, extortion, forced marriages, looting of goods and products, banks and agents economic, population, house fires, impositions of radical Islamic ideology, intimidation and death threats, among other practices.